Effects of exergames on student physical education learning in the context of the artificial intelligence era: a meta-analysis.

Whether the application of exergames in physical education (PE) courses can significantly improve student performance in PE learning is still controversial. This review explores the promoting effect of exergames on student PE learning and the conditions in which the effect of exergames can be maximized. Based on the PICOS method, two researchers independently searched the ProQuest database, EBSCO database, Web of Science (WoS) database, PubMed database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, Wanfang database, and VIP database, evaluated the literature quality using the Cochrane system evaluation manual, and performed a meta-analysis of the included literature. A total of 16 randomized controlled trials involving 2962 subjects were included in this study. The meta-analysis showed that exergames effectively improved student performance in PE learning (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27-0.63, P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis indicated that better results could be achieved when exergames were introduced in small kindergarten classes and continued for 1-2 months.

Empirical study on visual attention characteristics of basketball players of different levels during free-throw shooting.

Background: Visual attention is very important in basketball shooting, which is a prerequisite for forming good muscle proprioception and improving the shooting rate. The ability of visual instant searching information in the process of free throw plays an important role in the mobilization of free throw percentage. The aim of this study is to explore the fixation characteristics of athletes at different levels in the process of free throw shooting and to provide scientific basis for improving the free throw training of basketball players. Methods: A total of 20 expert basketball players, 20 general basketball players and 20 novice basketball players participated in the experiment. Participants in the three groups wore eye tracker to make free throws, and analyzed the difference of visual attention among the three groups. Results: The expert group had fewer number of fixations on the front, bottom, top-right, and top-right areas of the basket than the general and novice groups. The expert group also had smaller saccadic amplitudes than the other two groups. In terms of fixation duration, the expert group had longer fixation duration on the front and top areas of the basket than the other two groups, while in the top-right and bottom-right areas, the expert group had shorter fixation durations. The pupil dilation of the expert group was larger than that of the other two groups. Conclusion: During the free throw process, the expert group had a clear attentional focus, concentrated fixation points, efficient information search, and precise processing. Profound basketball knowledge, proficient skills, and accumulated experience are the foundation of visual efficient search and precise processing during free throw attempts, and they are also the prerequisite for ensuring a high free throw shooting percentage.

Study on the correlation between basketball players' multiple-object tracking ability and sports decision-making.

BACKGROUND: Players' multiple-object tracking (MOT) ability is very important in basketball because it may affect players' sports decision-making (SDM), thus affecting the results of the game. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between expert and novice basketball players in MOT ability and SDM and to explore the correlation between basketball players' visual attention and SDM. METHODS: A total of 48 female basketball players (24 categorized in the expert group and 24 in the novice group) participated in the MOT task in Experiment 1 and the basketball 3 vs. 3 games in Experiment 2. Experiment 1 examined the difference in dynamic visual attention characteristics between expert players and novice players by changing the tracking number. Experiment 2 examined the differences between expert players and novice players through the SDM of basketball 3 vs. 3 games. Sports decisions were evaluated by basketball experts. MOT ability and SDM ability were analyzed through Pearson correlation. RESULTS: The overall MOT accuracy of expert players (64.6%) and novice players (55.7%) was significantly different (χ2 = 59.693, P = 0.000). There was no significant difference in accuracy when tracking 2-3 targets (P > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in accuracy when tracking 4-6 targets (P < 0.05). The overall SDM accuracy of expert players (91.6%) and novice players (84.5%) was significantly different (χ2 = 31.975, P = 0.000). There was no significant difference between expert players and novice players in the accuracy of dribbling decision-making (P > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in the accuracy of passing decision-making and shooting decision-making (P < 0.01). When tracking 4-5 targets, the tracking score was positively correlated with the passing decision score and dribbling decision score of expert players, and the tracking score of novice players was positively correlated with the passing decision score (r > 0.6, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: First, the tracking accuracy of expert players was significantly higher than that of novice players, especially when tracking 4-6 targets. As the number of targets increased, accuracy decreased. Second, the accuracy of expert players' SDM was significantly higher than that of novice players, especially in passing decision-making and shooting decision-making. Expert players exhibited fast and accurate SDM. Third, there was a correlation between MOT ability and SDM performance. The MOT ability of 4-5 targets was positively correlated with passing decision-making, which was statistically significant. The correlation between the MOT ability and SDM performance of expert players was greater and more significant. Having too many targets to track (more than 6) interfered with players' decisions.

Effects of exercise on sleep in perimenopausal women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Whether an exercise intervention has significant effects on improving the sleep quality in perimenopausal women is controversial. This review explores different ways of exercise interventions (intervention item, intervention period, intervention frequency, and intervention duration of each time) on the improvement of sleep in perimenopausal women. Based on the PICOS method, two researchers independently searched the PubMed database, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane Library database, Web of Science (WoS) database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, Wanfang database and VIP database, evaluated the literature quality using the Cochrane system evaluation manual, and performed a meta-analysis of the included literature. A total of 12 randomized controlled trials involving 1493 subjects were included in the study. Exercise intervention items included yoga, walking, fitness Qigong, and aerobic exercise. The meta-analysis showed that exercise could effectively improve sleep in perimenopausal women (SMD = -0.44, 95%CI (-0.66, -0.22), P < 0.00001), and had significant effects on the sleep quality and insomnia symptoms in perimenopausal women. Subgroup analysis showed that fitness Qigong with a period of 10 to 12 weeks, a frequency of more than 3 times a week, and a duration of each time of 30 to 60 min was the most effective in improving sleep.

Study on eye movement characteristics and intervention of basketball shooting skill.

Background: The shooting aiming point is very important in basketball because it may affect the field goal percentage (FG%). The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of shooting aiming point practice on FG% and to search for new training methods for shooting improvement in basketball. Methods: A total of 24 expert basketball players and 24 amateur basketball players participated in the shooting task of Experiment 1. The participants in the two groups wore an eye movement instrument while shooting the ball. The shooting techniques included free throws, 45° direct shots and 45° bank shots to verify the differences in shooting aiming points between expert basketball players and amateur basketball players. Forty-eight amateur basketball players participated in the teaching experiment of Experiment 2. Twenty-four participants participated in routine teaching, and 24 participants had shooting aiming point practice for nine weeks to verify the difference in FG% between the two groups. The shooting aiming points of the participants were assessed immediately after shooting. Results: Experiment 1 found that expert basketball players used shorter fixation duration, fewer fixation numbers and more reasonable (simple and efficient) fixation distributions than amateur players. Moreover, expert basketball players took the front edge of the hoop as the aiming point, and amateur players took the central or back edge of the hoop as the aiming point; the FG% of the expert group (83.47%) was significantly higher than that of the amateur group (34.86%) (P < 0.01). Experiment 2 found that for the total FG% of the three tests, the intervention group (30.19%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (27.27%) (P < 0.05). After five weeks of aiming point training, it can be found that was no significant difference in the FG% between the intervention group (28.19%) and the control group (26.53%) (P > 0.05). After 9 weeks of shooting aiming point training, the FG% of the intervention group (36.39%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (30.14%) (P < 0.05), and the FG% of the intervention group increased faster than that of the control group. Additionally, the aiming point of the intervention players changed from the center and back edge of the hoop to the front. Conclusion: (1) There was a correlation between basketball shooting aiming point and FG%. FG% with the front edge of the hoop as the aiming point was higher than the back edge hoop or center. (2) The FG% could be more quickly improved by shooting aiming point practice; it will not be affected in a short time (5 weeks); however, 9 weeks of practice can significantly improve the FG%.

Effects of proprioception training combined with core stability training on balance ability of college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effect of proprioception combined with core stability training on the static balance ability and dynamic balance ability of college students, and to provide an experimental basis for studying body balance ability and preventing sports injuries.@*Methods@#In August 2019, 112 non sports students from Shandong Institute of Physical Education were recruited, and 52 subjects were selected as the intervention group and 60 as the control group by random number table method. The intervention group was given proprioceptive training combined with core stability training, while the control group was given core stability training. The static and dynamic balance abilities of the two groups of subjects before and after training were compared.@*Results@#The static balance ability of the intervention group was higher than that before the intervention ( F =2.17， P <0.05) at the 5th and 11th weeks, which were 18.31% and 47.37% higher, respectively. The ability to stand on one foot with eyes closed at the 11th week in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group at the 11th week( t =2.25， P <0.05). After training, the equilibrioception of the intervention group was improved, increasingly improved in the 11th week. And compared with that in intervention group in the 5th and 11th week, the ability was also higher than the balance ability of the intervention group before the intervention( F =2.37， P <0.01), 12.01% and 12.99% higher, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Proprioception and core stability training can effectively improve the static and dynamic balance ability of college students, and the training effect of proprioceptive training combined with core stability training is better than that of core stability training.